The History of Ittars

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Ittar, also known as attar or perfume oil, is a fragrant oil derived from natural sources such as flowers, herbs, spices, and woods. With its roots deeply embedded in ancient civilizations, ittar holds a rich history that spans centuries.

Originating in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East, ittar has been cherished for its exquisite fragrances since antiquity. The art of extracting ittar involves steam distillation or cold pressing of aromatic botanicals, resulting in highly concentrated oils that capture the essence of nature’s bounty. This traditional method of production ensures that ittar retains its purity and potency, offering a sensory experience unlike any other.

Throughout history, ittar has held significant cultural and religious importance, often used in spiritual ceremonies, rituals, and as offerings. Its fragrances were also favored by royalty and nobility, who sought the finest and most exclusive blends to adorn themselves with.

The ancient art of ittar-making in India traces its roots back over 60,000 years, finding its golden age during the opulent reign of the Mughals. At the heart of this aromatic legacy lies Kannauj, a picturesque town in Uttar Pradesh, revered as the “perfume city of India” and affectionately dubbed “Ittar Nagri,” where the air is infused with the essence of premium ittars. With a rich tapestry of over 500 traditional ittar manufacturing units, Kannauj remains an emblem of India’s profound appreciation for luxury scents.

Even before the Mughals, Kannauj was already a hub for extracting natural fragrances from botanical treasures like Sandalwood, Musk, and Rose. However, it was under Mughal patronage that these essences blossomed into exquisite ittars, cherished by royalty and commoners alike. Legends abound regarding the origin of these fragrances, with tales attributing their refinement to luminaries like Mughal queen Noor Jahan or her mother, Asmat Begum, as recounted by esteemed historian Dr. R. Nath.