What Are Ittars? An Introduction

So, what is ittar? In simple terms, ittars are essential oils or absolutes derived from natural sources. These oils are typically extracted through steam or hydro distillation, which means we get highly concentrated perfumes from the essence of plants and other naturally occurring elements. 

The making of ittar involves extracting essential oils into a wooden base, commonly sandalwood, and allowing them to age. This ageing process can range from one to ten years, depending on the source materials and the desired final product (imagine the patience and craftsmanship involved!).

One of the remarkable things about ittars is that they are alcohol-free and free from synthetic chemicals. They’re pure, natural perfumes that are usually sold in small quantities. These precious drops are often housed in intricately designed or jewelled traditional decanters, making them even more special.

The term “ittar,” or “itra” and “attar,” is believed to have originated from the Persian word “itir,” which means perfume, and is derived from the Arabic word “itr.” The story of ittar goes back to ancient civilizations, as far as the 12th and 13th centuries. The Mughals produced ittars from a variety of herbs like Aloe (Oud), Cinnamon, and Sandalwood, as well as animal substances like Amber, Musk, and Myrrh.

Interestingly, ittars can be classified based on their effects on the human body. 

We have cool ittars, which have cooling effects and are ideal for summer use. Examples include jasmine, rose, mogra, khus, and kewda. 

And then, we have warm ittars. These enhance body temperature and are typically used in winter. Saffron (Kesar), amber, and musk are examples of warm ittars.

Based on their sources, ittars can also be categorised into several types. Floral ittars are derived from a single flower species, such as rose, jasmine, and jasmine sambac (mogra). Herbal ittars are created by blending oils from various botanical sources, including flowers, leaves, spices, fruits, roots, or stems.

Mitti ittars are another unique category. These are distillates of baked soil, often using sandalwood essential oil or liquid paraffin and water distillation techniques, sometimes involving water from the Ganges river. 

One of the most remarkable aspects of ittars is their longevity. Ittars have an exceptionally long shelf life and do not require preservatives. Some pure ittars even become more potent and valuable with time, with antique ittars commanding demand and premium prices.

In conclusion, it is fair to say that ittars are more than just fragrances. They are a part of various cultures. When choosing an ittar, ensure it is natural and non-toxic to reap the maximum benefits without harmful effects.